Reading companion · References
Follow the sources
The manuscript’s complete bibliography, connected to the inquiry.
These 48 entries reproduce the bibliography of Preprint v1.1. Source-type labels are a guide to browsing, not a ranking of evidence. Controlled studies, surveys, first-person reports, traditions, and cultural comparisons do different jobs in the argument.
External links lead to DOI records, source pages, publishers, or authors; some require payment or institutional access. A catalogue link identifies a work, not verification of every claim in it. Salviabibel is one author’s longitudinal corpus. Anesthesia and sleep studies are comparators, not direct tests of Salvia.
Explore the glossary, read how the evidence is weighed, or open the bibliography in the manuscript.
Salvia research
Addy · 2015
Addy, Peter H., Albert Garcia-Romeu, Matthew Metzger, and Jenny Wade. 2015. "The subjective experience of acute, experimentally-induced Salvia divinorum inebriation." Journal of Psychopharmacology 29 (4): 426–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115570081.
Integration research
Argyri · 2026
Argyri, Eirini K., and Jules Evans. 2026. "Ontologically Challenging Psychedelic Experiences: Considerations for Managing Associated Distress." In Psychedelic Harm Reduction, Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences 77: 431–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2025_609.
First-person reports & collections
Arthur · 2010
Arthur, J. D. 2010. Salvia Divinorum: Doorway to Thought-Free Awareness. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press.
Integration research
Bathje · 2022
Bathje, Geoff J., Eric Majeski, and Mesphina Kudowor. 2022. "Psychedelic integration: An analysis of the concept and its practice." Frontiers in Psychology 13: 824077. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.824077.
Salvia research
Baggott · 2010
Baggott, Matthew J., Earth Erowid, Fire Erowid, Gantt P. Galloway, and John Mendelson. 2010. "Use patterns and self-reported effects of Salvia divinorum: An internet-based survey." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 111 (3): 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.05.003.
Comparative research
Bressloff · 2001
Bressloff, Paul C., Jack D. Cowan, Martin Golubitsky, Peter J. Thomas, and Matthew C. Wiener. 2001. "Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of striate cortex." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 356 (1407): 299–330. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0769.
Salvia research
Butelman · 2015
Butelman, Eduardo R., and Mary Jeanne Kreek. 2015. "Salvinorin A, a kappa-opioid receptor agonist hallucinogen: pharmacology and potential template for novel pharmacotherapeutic agents in neuropsychiatric disorders." Frontiers in Pharmacology 6: 190. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2015.00190.
First-person reports & collections
Comradez · 2018
Comradez. 2018. “Sneaky Sleight of Hand: An Experience with Salvia divinorum (extract) (exp83979).” Erowid.org, October 17, 2018. https://erowid.org/exp/83979.
First-person reports & collections
Cumberdale · 2011
Cumberdale, Hubert. 2011. “Goodbye Reality, Goodbye Universe: An Experience with Salvia divinorum (exp86484).” Erowid.org, November 26, 2011. https://erowid.org/exp/86484.
Literature & cultural comparison
Dick · 2011
Dick, Philip K. 2011. The Exegesis of Philip K. Dick. Edited by Pamela Jackson and Jonathan Lethem. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Salvia research
Doss · 2020
Doss, Manoj K., Darrick G. May, Matthew W. Johnson, John M. Clifton, Sidnee L. Hedrick, Thomas E. Prisinzano, Roland R. Griffiths, and Frederick S. Barrett. 2020. "The Acute Effects of the Atypical Dissociative Hallucinogen Salvinorin A on Functional Connectivity in the Human Brain." Scientific Reports 10: 16392. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73216-8.
Salvia research
El-Khoury · 2015
El-Khoury, Joseph, and Nayiri Sahakian. 2015. "The Association of Salvia divinorum and Psychotic Disorders: A Review of the Literature and Case Series." Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 47 (4): 286–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2015.1073815.
Comparative research
Ermentrout · 1979
Ermentrout, G. Bard, and Jack D. Cowan. 1979. "A mathematical theory of visual hallucination patterns." Biological Cybernetics 34 (3): 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336965.
First-person reports & collections
Erowid · n.d.
Erowid. n.d. Erowid Experience Vaults: Salvia divinorum. Erowid Center. https://www.erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_Salvia_divinorum.shtml (accessed June 24, 2026).
Philosophy & traditions
Gupta · 1998
Gupta, Bina. 1998. The Disinterested Witness: A Fragment of Advaita Vedānta Phenomenology. Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
First-person reports & collections
Heaven · 2013
Heaven, Ross. 2013. The Shamanic Quest for the Spirit of Salvia: The Divinatory, Visionary, and Healing Powers of the Sage of the Seers. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press.
Philosophy & traditions
James · 1902
James, William. 1902. The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature. New York: Longmans, Green.
Philosophy & traditions
Jonas · 1958
Jonas, Hans. 1958. The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity. Boston: Beacon Press. 2nd ed., 1963. Reprint, 2001.
Philosophy & traditions
Jung · 1968
Jung, C. G. 1968. Psychology and Alchemy. 2nd ed. Collected Works, vol. 12. Translated by R. F. C. Hull. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Philosophy & traditions
Jung · 1991
Jung, C. G. 1991. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Collected Works, vol. 9, part 1. Translated by R. F. C. Hull. London: Routledge.
Philosophy & traditions
Kastrup · 2019
Kastrup, Bernardo. 2019. The Idea of the World: A Multi-Disciplinary Argument for the Mental Nature of Reality. Winchester, UK: Iff Books.
Philosophy & traditions
Kastrup · 2021
Kastrup, Bernardo. 2021. Decoding Jung's Metaphysics: The Archetypal Semantics of an Experiential Universe. Winchester, UK: Iff Books.
First-person reports & collections
kk84 · 2017
kk84. 2017. Salviabibel: Salvia divinorum: das Tor in eine andere Welt. Self-published. German-language single-author longitudinal corpus; reports dated 2007–2017. https://klartraum-welle.dk/klartraum/Salviabibel-kk84.pdf
Comparative research
Klüver · 1966
Klüver, Heinrich. 1966. Mescal and Mechanisms of Hallucinations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Philosophy & traditions
Leary · 1964
Leary, Timothy, Ralph Metzner, and Richard Alpert. 1964. The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead. New York: University Books.
Comparative research
Leslie · 2007
Leslie, Kate, Hannah Skrzypek, Michael J. Paech, Irina Kurowski, and Tracey Whybrow. 2007. "Dreaming during Anesthesia and Anesthetic Depth in Elective Surgery Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study." Anesthesiology 106 (1): 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200701000-00010.
Philosophy & traditions
Letheby · 2021
Letheby, Chris. 2021. Philosophy of Psychedelics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Salvia research
MacLean · 2013
MacLean, Katherine A., Matthew W. Johnson, Chad J. Reissig, Thomas E. Prisinzano, and Roland R. Griffiths. 2013. "Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects." Psychopharmacology 226 (2): 381–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2912-9.
Comparative research
Mashour · 2021
Mashour, George A., Ben J. A. Palanca, Mathias Basner, Duan Li, Wei Wang, Stefanie Blain-Moraes, Nan Lin, et al. 2021. "Recovery of Consciousness and Cognition after General Anesthesia in Humans." eLife 10: e59525. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.59525.
Philosophy & traditions
Metzinger · 2003
Metzinger, Thomas. 2003. Being No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Philosophy & traditions
Metzinger · 2020
Metzinger, Thomas. 2020. "Minimal Phenomenal Experience: Meditation, Tonic Alertness, and the Phenomenology of 'Pure' Consciousness." Philosophy and the Mind Sciences 1 (I): 7. https://doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2020.I.46.
Philosophy & traditions
Metzinger · 2024
Metzinger, Thomas. 2024. The Elephant and the Blind: The Experience of Pure Consciousness: Philosophy, Science, and 500+ Experiential Reports. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Philosophy & traditions
Meyer · 2010
Meyer, Marvin, ed. 2010. The Nag Hammadi Scriptures: The Revised and Updated Translation. New York: HarperOne.
Salvia research
Ortega · 1982
Ortega, Alfredo, John F. Blount, and Percy S. Manchand. 1982. "Salvinorin, a New trans-Neoclerodane Diterpene from Salvia divinorum (Labiatae)." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: 2505–2508. https://doi.org/10.1039/P19820002505.
Philosophy & traditions
Padmasambhava · 1994
Padmasambhava. 1994. The Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Great Book of Natural Liberation Through Understanding in the Between. Discovered by Karma Lingpa. Translated by Robert A. F. Thurman. New York: Bantam Books.
Salvia research
Roth · 2002
Roth, Bryan L., Karen Baner, Richard Westkaemper, Daniel Siebert, Kenner C. Rice, SeAnna Steinberg, Paul Ernsberger, and Richard B. Rothman. 2002. "Salvinorin A: A Potent Naturally Occurring Nonnitrogenous κ Opioid Selective Agonist." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (18): 11934–11939. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.182234399.
Comparative research
Sanders · 2017
Sanders, Robert D., Amy Gaskell, Aeyal Raz, Joel Winders, Ana Stevanovic, Rolf Rossaint, Christina Boncyk, et al. 2017. "Incidence of Connected Consciousness after Tracheal Intubation: A Prospective, International, Multicenter Cohort Study of the Isolated Forearm Technique." Anesthesiology 126 (2): 214–222. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001479.
Comparative research
Sanderson · 2009
Sanderson, Alexis. 2009. "The Śaiva Age: The Rise and Dominance of Śaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo, 41–349. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo.
Philosophy & traditions
Śaṅkara (attrib.) · 2003
Śaṅkara (attrib.). 2003. Ātma Bodha (Self-Knowledge). With commentary by Swami Chinmayananda. Mumbai: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust. ISBN 9788175970632.
Literature & cultural comparison
Severance · 2022
Severance. 2022–present. Created by Dan Erickson. Apple TV+. Television series.
Salvia research
Siebert · 1994
Siebert, Daniel J. 1994. "Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A: New pharmacologic findings." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 43 (1): 53–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90116-3. (Foundational self-report quotations are quoted via Heaven 2013.)
First-person reports & collections
Siebert · n.d.
Siebert, Daniel J. n.d. The Salvia divinorum User's Guide. Salvia divinorum Research and Information Center. https://web.archive.org/web/20120921060413/sagewisdom.org/usersguide.html.
Comparative research
Strasburger · 2015
Strasburger, Hans, and Bruno Waldvogel. 2015. "Sight and blindness in the same person: Gating in the visual system." PsyCh Journal 4 (4): 178–185. https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.109.
Comparative research
Waldvogel · 2007
Waldvogel, Bruno, A. Ullrich, and Hans Strasburger. 2007. "Blind und sehend in einer Person: Schlussfolgerungen zur Psychoneurobiologie des Sehens." Der Nervenarzt 78 (11): 1303–1309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-007-2309-x.
Philosophy & traditions
Wallis · 2013
Wallis, Christopher D. 2013. Tantra Illuminated: The Philosophy, History, and Practice of a Timeless Tradition. 2nd ed. Petaluma, CA: Mattamayura Press.
Philosophy & traditions
Wangyal · 1998
Wangyal, Tenzin. 1998. The Tibetan Yogas of Dream and Sleep. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion.
Philosophy & traditions
Wilber · 2000
Wilber, Ken. 2000. Integral Psychology: Consciousness, Spirit, Psychology, Therapy. Boston: Shambhala.
Comparative research
Windt · 2016
Windt, Jennifer M., Tore Nielsen, and Evan Thompson. 2016. "Does Consciousness Disappear in Dreamless Sleep?" Trends in Cognitive Sciences 20 (12): 871–882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.09.006.
Cited editions and bibliographic wording follow the manuscript. Added publisher and author links are navigation aids. The inclusion of a source does not imply endorsement of its conclusions.